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Corrections and Right of Reply Pack

Three tools and four guides for managing corrections and right-of-reply obligations compliantly — from generating IPSO-standard correction notices to understanding the legal framework for right of reply in the UK.

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Who this pack is for

This pack is for journalists and editors who need to manage corrections and right-of-reply obligations quickly and correctly. It is particularly relevant for reporters and editors at IPSO-regulated publications who handle reader complaints, need to correct published errors with appropriate prominence, or want to implement a robust pre-publication right-of-reply process that will withstand regulatory scrutiny.

Corrections and right of reply are the two most common sources of IPSO complaints and, when handled badly, can escalate into defamation claims and regulatory investigations. This pack gives you the tools to handle both correctly — and the guides to understand the legal and regulatory framework around them. Getting these processes right is one of the most important things any journalist or newsroom can do to protect itself and its subjects.

What’s included

Three tools and four guides — click any card to open it directly.

How to use this pack

  1. 1

    Set up your corrections policy before you need it

    Read the Corrections Policy guide and use it to draft or review your newsroom's corrections policy. A clear, documented policy makes it much easier to handle individual corrections consistently, trains new staff, and demonstrates to IPSO that you have a systematic approach to accuracy. Publish your corrections policy — and your corrections log — on your website.

  2. 2

    Send right-of-reply letters for every significant allegation

    Use the Right of Reply Generator to produce a specific, factual right-of-reply letter for every significant factual allegation in your stories. Store all correspondence. Read the Right of Reply Law guide to understand the full legal and regulatory framework — including when a right of reply is required and what happens if you do not give one.

  3. 3

    Check defamation risk before publication

    Use the Defamation Risk Checklist before publishing any story that makes factual allegations about a named individual or organisation. Identify which statements carry risk and which defences apply. Document your reasoning. This pre-publication step is your most important protection against both IPSO complaints and defamation claims.

  4. 4

    Use the Corrections Generator promptly when errors arise

    When an error is identified — by a reader, a subject, or your own editorial review — use the Corrections Generator immediately. Speed matters: IPSO takes prompt correction seriously. Read the Corrections and Clarifications guide to determine whether you need a formal correction or a less formal clarification, and draft accordingly.

  5. 5

    Publish corrections transparently and maintain a corrections log

    Review the Corrections Trust Page for a model of transparent corrections publishing. Add each correction to your corrections log and add a clearly labelled correction note to the top of every corrected article. Transparency about errors builds reader trust far more effectively than trying to minimise or hide them.

Red flags — corrections and right of reply errors

  • Publishing without a right-of-reply letter where the story makes significant factual allegations about a named individual or organisation — this is the single most common ground for upheld IPSO complaints.
  • Burying a correction in a small-print column or at the foot of a long article when the original error appeared prominently — IPSO's due-prominence rule requires proportionality.
  • Silently editing an online article to correct an error without adding a correction notice — this creates a misleading record and is itself a breach of the Editors' Code.
  • Conflating a correction with an apology — not every correction requires an apology, and an unnecessary apology can complicate defamation proceedings by implying malice.
  • Giving a subject an inadequate right-of-reply deadline — a 2-hour deadline for a complex allegation is not “reasonable opportunity” and will not satisfy IPSO or a defamation court.
  • Failing to document the right-of-reply correspondence — if no response was received, or a response was received but not published, both the letter and any reply must be stored as evidence.
  • Treating a complaint as a legal threat before reading it carefully — many complaints can be resolved with a prompt, properly worded correction before an IPSO complaint is filed.

Primary sources

Common mistakes

  • Sending a vague right-of-reply letter. “We are writing a story about your organisation — do you have a comment?” does not satisfy IPSO. You must set out the specific allegation you are putting to the subject.
  • Not publishing a subject's response. Where a subject provides a substantive denial or response, IPSO expects it to be reflected in the article — either directly quoted or fairly summarised.
  • Correcting the online version but not the print edition. IPSO requires corrections in the same medium as the original error — if the article ran in print, the correction must also run in print, not just online.
  • Delaying a correction while legal advice is sought. Time matters — the longer an inaccuracy persists, the greater the reputational harm and the harder it becomes to defend an IPSO complaint. Correct first, refine the wording with legal input if needed.
  • Treating a pre-publication query as a substitute for a right of reply. A subject calling your newsroom to query a story is not the same as a formal right-of-reply letter with a specific allegation, a deadline, and a record of their response.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between a correction and a clarification?
A correction is a statement that something published was inaccurate and sets out the accurate version. A clarification does not admit inaccuracy but provides additional context that prevents a misleading impression from persisting. IPSO treats them differently: a correction requires due prominence and a clear statement that the original was wrong; a clarification is typically less formal. If you are in any doubt about whether an error is material enough to require a formal correction, treat it as a correction — IPSO regulators look favourably on publications that correct proactively and promptly.
How much time do I have to send a right of reply before publication?
There is no statutory deadline, but IPSO Editors' Code Clause 1 requires that subjects of significant factual allegations have a "reasonable opportunity" to respond before publication. What is reasonable depends on context: for a breaking news story, 12–24 hours may be sufficient; for a major investigative feature, 48–96 hours is more appropriate. Whatever deadline you set, document it and document whether and how the subject responded. The Right of Reply Generator in this pack includes a deadline field and generates the full letter automatically.
Does a subject have a legal right to a right of reply?
There is no absolute statutory right of reply in UK law. However, IPSO Editors' Code Clause 1 imposes a practical obligation on regulated publications to give subjects a chance to respond to significant factual allegations before publication. Failure to do so is frequently cited in upheld IPSO complaints and can strengthen a defamation claim by demonstrating that you did not take reasonable steps to verify the allegation. In practice, always send a right of reply for any story making significant factual allegations.
Can I refuse a request for a correction from a subject?
Yes, but carefully. You do not have to publish a correction simply because a subject asks for one — only if the published material was actually inaccurate. If the complaint is about opinion, emphasis, or tone rather than facts, a correction is not required. Document your reasons for declining. However, if there is genuine doubt about accuracy, err on the side of correcting. Persistent refusal to correct genuine errors leads to IPSO complaints, elevated damages awards in defamation claims, and reputational damage to the publication.
What is the "due prominence" rule for corrections under IPSO?
Under IPSO Editors' Code Clause 1, corrections must be published with "due prominence" — proportionate to the prominence of the original inaccuracy. A correction of a front-page story should appear on the front page or at a similar prominence, not buried in a small print corrections column. Online, the correction should be added at the top of the original article with a clearly labelled correction note, not a quiet edit. The Corrections Generator in this pack produces correction language with appropriate prominence instructions built in.
Should I update online archives after a correction?
Yes, and IPSO expects it. For digital publications, the correction notice should be added at the top of the original article, not replacing the original text. The original, now-corrected text should remain visible (ideally struck through or labelled) to show readers what changed and when. Silently editing an article without a correction note breaches IPSO Editors' Code Clause 1 and destroys the evidentiary record if the correction is later disputed. Keep an internal log of all corrections with dates and the nature of the error.
What is a major-error retraction and when is it required?
A retraction is required when an article is so fundamentally inaccurate that a correction to individual facts would be inadequate — the article as a whole misrepresented the situation. IPSO can direct a retraction in serious upheld complaints. A retraction should be published with at least the same prominence as the original article, clearly labelled as a retraction (not a correction), and should explain why the article has been withdrawn. Take immediate legal advice before deciding whether a retraction rather than a correction is required — particularly where defamation proceedings are threatened.

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